Heterosexual Marriage Essay

In our time we can see different sex marriages: homosexual and heterosexual, but which one is better for us. None of us would be in the world if we didn’t have a mother and father. God created a man and a woman as the top of his creativity. As they say a woman completes a man and a man completes a woman. This is openness to a new life, which implies a necessity of heterosexual union. In my opinion, the word marriage should only apply to a union between a man and a woman because this marriage is legal everywhere, they have the human procreation, and better raise them children. First of all, I think that union between man and woman is legal everywhere because it is not just in the government law and in religion too. In the world this marriage is legal in all countries, and acceptable in all religious movements. The state recognizes this relationship as a public institution in its laws because the relationship makes a unique and essential contribution to the common good. In some countries they do not recognize gay-marriage, just the union between female and male. For example, in Bible God said:† It is not good for man to be alone†, a man leaving his parents and being jointed to his wife. The Bible clearly identifies marriage as being between a man and a woman. The second thought is heterosexual marriage having the human procreation. The purpose of marriage is to procreation children, so same sex marriage comes down to the biology of the sex organs. For example, a man and woman can have a child, but a woman and a woman, or a man and a man cannot. Therefore, same-sex couples cannot procreate a new life; they cannot realize this basic function of marriage. The heterosexual have every opportunity to continue to race, and also a healthy way that is not bad for the child. The last important thought, that a union between a man and a woman can better raise a child. The marital union also, provides the best conditions for raising children: namely, the stable, loving relationship of a mother and a father present only in marriage. They will not confuse the child who he or she is. For example, father is always your child’s teacher; a mother also, gives more affection and love. If we combine these two thoughts together, the children will growth completely. So, I think that the kids need both parents: a father and a mother to grow in good family. I can say that the word marriage should only apply to a union between a man and a woman because this marriage is legal everywhere, they have the human procreation, and better raise them children. This marriage is the lifetime union of a man and a woman, primarily for the purpose of build a family and provide a stable environment for that family. This is assurances of the descendant’s family, duration of their family, and savings family’s tradition. This type of marriage suitable to the human more than any others, this gives more conditions continuation of human race, and can stay legal everywhere.

Abolish the Penny essay

Abolishing the Penny: The biggest questions now days are,† Should the penny really be abolished and why is the penny still in route like its ten or five cents? † It's been our smallest-denomination coin for 150 years. But if people are leaving pennies at the cash register, is it time to get rid of them? In this essay I am going to argue why we should keep the penny and why people think the penny should stay in route with the rest of the coins. Also why or why not we should keep the penny and if we didn’t where would the penny go?What made me want to argue my opinion versus the Harvard professor of Economics Gregory Mankiw who believes that the penny should be abolished is because the penny helps a lot of people survive the long way. I felt like this was a much needed topic to talk about because some people who have money no matter if they are in the lower class through higher class living situations are acting like pennies don’t or won’t affect them i f it was to disappear. I still use pennies and collect them until I feel like it’s a lot of money to go cash them in; it’s a good way to save money too.Whether we use the penny on the regular like we use quarters, nickels, and dimes shouldn’t matter because it’s still being circulated in cash flow. . Most cash transactions involve the exchange of pennies, and this increases the time it takes to complete them. Also some people are saying that the penny should be abolished because it’s just taking up space in the currency flow. I don’t believe that the penny is taking up space because it works as if it was a quarter, nickel, or dime in some places. For example when you don’t have the needed change, you would turn to the penny. Some people say minting pennies is a waste of money. They say the penny has out lived its usefulness so we should retire it, but I believe the penny has more life in it still because people is the US still use it unlike Canada and few other states or countries. Gregory Mankiw points out, â€Å"When people start leaving a monetary unit at the cash register for the next customer, the unit is too small to be useful. † But some people just leave the pennies there because they don’t feel like waiting for the cashiers to count it out. Statistics show that the U. S. Mint produces about 7 billion pennies a year at a cost of $100 million dollars.Pennies are made of copper and zinc, two metals that have recently soared in price. Because of the high value of those metals, a penny is worth more melted down than as U. S. currency. â€Å"A simple way to retire the penny would be to round each cash transaction to the nearest nickel†, but why would you want to round to the nearest nickel, that’s spending more money though. I don’t believe that we should abolish the penny because it’s been around for so long, if we were to abolish the penny what would we use to break five, ten , or odd numbers of cents. It’s also illegal to melt pennies. Abolishing the penny would not save the government money.Without the penny, the U. S. Mint would produce more nickels. Due to soaring metal prices, the nickel costs almost 10 cents to produce. Spending more money to produce more nickels is no way to save money. In conclusion to my argument as well as my opinion versus the Harvard professor of Economics Gregory Mankiw who believes that the penny should be abolished, has been clearly stated that the penny should not be abolished for plenty of reasons and the penny should stay in circulation with the rest of the currency. My opinion still stands strong as to why we should keep the penny and what would happen if the penny was to disappear.

Robots, cyborgs & AI Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Robots, cyborgs & AI - Essay Example The term android is used only on robots that look like humans, while the term robot is used on machines, which might look or might not look like humans. There are other examples of rising robots known as actroids, which do not exist in the science fiction realm, but they tend to resemble the human beings in their action and also their reception to input. In films like The Terminator, which have smashed awareness the public since their features have instilled a strong idea about human fusion with technology. Cyborgs are aggressive and contain a fantasy of being destructive and invisibility. However, this hyper violent creature is among the many types of fictional cyborgs that have become the main way for commercial films to present the cyborg condition. In films they have privileged the masculine figure which is mainly violent. When the cyborgs are staged in movies they show different ways of thinking in matters of sexual identity and gender. The software interfaced cyborgs created make the bodies of human beings obsolete when the human consciousness was downloaded onto a computer software they showed aggressiveness and their prowess is always improved thus can not go down and the only thing they can do best is kill because its strength physical not cerebral thus can not be controlled. However not all cyborgs are hyper masculine killing machines they are also used for other functions e.g. the terminator in terminator 2 is used as a surrogate father. Electronics technology capability certainly has caused fear which has been translated to massive bodies overpowering human characters. The cyborgs in films are also used to show the male spectacle and desire for masculine body. This not only culminates the sexual expression but also the brute force expressed by the cyborgs. This concept of externally forceful machinery was culminated in the industrial machinery in the early twentieth century. During this time the robot replaced the

African American Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

African American - Essay Example nds to look into the history of anti-black oppression for the period from 1865 to 1941, that is, Reconstruction and the time of Jim Crow, and identify how blacks adopted various strategies to resist the onslaught. The Civil War was disastrous for the South. Lasting from 1861 until 1865, it killed a considerable number of people, and devastated the Southern aristocracy in all means. As the Thirteenth Amendment was accepted, the blacks became a freed lot instantaneously. They eagerly started pursuing everything the free people did. For example, they started political actions, opened churches and schools, bought arms, drank liquor, and owned dogs. Though there was the call for a New South, there was no significant improvement in the condition of the African-Americans. Many of them were forced to continue as sharecroppers and tenant farmers because the textile, iron, and steel factories preferred white women instead of blacks (Gao, 2000, pp. 59-60). This kind of discrimination is evidenced in the story of Frances, the black daughter of a white man, Emmanuel Driggus. Though Emmanuel tried his best to save the girl from slavery, the judicial system did not allow that. Though she approached a court of law alleging her master of fathering her child, she was punished for fornication but the person she accused was set free as the court was not ready to take a black woman’s word against a white man (Aurora, 2013). Though the Civil Rights Act of 1875 abolished discrimination in public places, there was a flood of court cases against the Act, resulting in the infamous Jim Crow laws (Morrison, 2003, p. 71). This created an atmosphere promoting white racial superiority, and violence and lynching of blacks rose sharply (Hine, Hine & Harold, 2011, p. 97). Another serious trouble faced by the blacks was the attempts to deny their voting rights. Though the Fifteenth Amendment offered them the right to vote, many southern states attempted to deny their rights through various

Odontology Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Odontology - Term Paper Example He approaches his victims in public places while feigning injury or disabilities then overpowering and restraining them as he puts them in his car. Several evidences collected included pantyhose mask (which was also used for strangling victims), ice pick, handcuffs and crowbar but the most famous evidence of him doing the crime was the bite mark he left on Lisa Levy’s buttock that linked him to other murders (Saferstein, 2009). Lisa Levy was a student in Florida State University and she was bludgeoned to death while sleeping at the Chi Omega sorority house. The bite mark was actually one of the two bite marks on Levy’s body. There was also another one on her breast. The buttock bite mark proved to be useful because it left impressions that gave the investigators more points of comparison for leading a match in identification. The analysis of the bite mark was a success because the investigator used a ruler to show the scale of the bite mark in relation to Bundy’s . They also analyzed the bite mark by using impressions, illustrations and such. Because of this, Bundy was forced by the court to give a dental impression. Then, the forensic dentist confirmed that Bundy’s teeth were the exact match of the dental pattern that they derived from the bite mark on Levy’s buttock. Bear in mind that people have unique bite marks – no two are alike (Saferstein, 2009).

What is environmental security How have writers on environmental Essay

What is environmental security How have writers on environmental security challenged the notion of security - Essay Example Environmental security is labeled as a relevant subject matter in international affairs and it is being exploited to define the motives of countries under an array of contexts. For instance, the Kyoto agreement which curtails global greenhouse gases has been disputed (Ashcroft 1998) and defended (Goodman 1998) on the basis of its influence on America's national security. Warren Christopher, the former Secretary of State, proclaimed in his 1996 speech at Stanford University the resolution of the Clinton administration "to put environmental issues where they belong: in the mainstream of American foreign policy" (Matthew 1996, 39). Subsequently, President Clinton has branded environmental security as one of the many concerns that America will be confronting in the contemporary times (Broda-Bahm 1999). The fundamental concept of environmental security signifies an attempt to put more emphasis on the issues of environmental degradation through openly fastening them to previous military notions of security. According to Lester Brown (1986), the new sources of hazards occur from depletion, soil erosion, inappropriate land use, deforestation, worsening conditions of grasslands and drastic climate changes (195). Moreover, Brown maintains that these dangers not merely threaten the national economic and political security but also the equilibrium in the globalized economy thereof. The advocates of the environment-security relationship strongly upheld the belief that the perils of environmental degradation are at least ruthless as the military menaces which most apparently are integrated under the security coverage and the materialization of these fresh threats would make people reflect on the concept of national security. Hence, Norman Myers (1995) argues that national security is no long er a matter of combat and military hardware alone; it relates progressively more to "watersheds, croplands, forests, genetic resources, climate and other factors" (258) which are seldom measured by military specialists and political heads, yet needs considerable attention in order to produce an effective combination of equally crucial securities, environmental and military. The argument for environmental security can either be explained in the assertion that environmental dreadful conditions may result in security threats, such as conflicts and hostilities, or in the declaration that environmental degradation practically represents a security hazard. Nevertheless, in both arguments, advocates call for enhanced attention to the national and international significance of eco-system wellbeing, yet the second circumstance holds singular interest for students of argument because it embodies an effort to elevate the relevance of a conventionally ignored sector through definition-association with reinforced traditional importance; the environment is positioned on the schema through classification with the customary state intentions in security (Broda-Bahm 1999). This point of classification propelled the argument for an environment-security relationship through its critics. Several intellectuals writing within the umbrella of peace research perspective have roughly criticized attempts to bind environmental objectives to the notions of national security. Daniel Duedney (1991) claims that the nationalist attitude and the war structure have a time-honoured feature that are expected to resist any "rhetorically conjured redirection toward benign ends" (28). Moreover, he

Amazon Rainforest Environmental Studies Research Paper

Amazon Rainforest Environmental Studies - Research Paper Example Amazon Rainforest Amazon rainforest is found to be the biggest forest and the biggest space which is covered by tropical animals and plants. Forest territory of Amazon is basically a tropical rainforest which is spread across the northern region of South American continent. The entire rainforest is shared by almost eight nations which are Brazil, Ecuador, Bolivia, Columbia, Peru, Guiana, Venezuela and Suriname (Save the Amazon Rainforest, Amazon Rainforest). The largest section (almost 60%) of the Amazon rainforest can be found in Brazil. In fact, half of Brazil is covered by this rainforest. The rainforest of Amazon is also famous as Amazonia. It is seen as one of the most important greatest natural resources that are found on planet earth. Experts often call it the â€Å"Lungs of this planet† as it consistently produces oxygen by converting carbon dioxide of the environment (Amazon Rainforest, Blue Planet Biomes). It is found that almost 20% the world’s oxygen come fr om this rainforest. The nickname ‘rainforest’ signifies the humidity that is found in this region. However, rainfall does not happen all the time. Usually tropical rainforests are situated near the equator, as a result they are found to be very hot. All the heat leads to huge volume of evaporation of water into the air. The trees in the forest retain the water in their roots and branches. The combination of all these actions makes the entire area very much humid. The humidity, rain and heat have made the Amazon rainforest a rich ecosystem (Save the Amazon Rainforest, Amazon Rainforest). The magnitude of both rain and temperature is found to be consistent throughout the year. The average temperature in this region is 79 ° F (Amazon Rainforest, Blue Planet Biomes). It is already mentioned that approximately half of Brazil is covered by the Amazonia. A very crucial fact is that the canopy of the Amazon rainforest is less studied as compared to the ocean floor. Many exper ts believe that it is very much possible that the half of all the species in world can be found in the canopy of this rainforest. What is already found is that more than 500 mammals, 175 types of lizards and almost one of third earth’s birds live in the Amazonia. It is predicted that nearly 30 million types of insects live in this region (Amazon Rainforest, Blue Planet Biomes). The Amazon rainforest can be seen as the combination of four different layers. Each of these layers consists of unique plants, animals and ecosystems. The first layer is happened to be the tallest among all. In this layer trees having height of 200 feet are found. The leaves are often found to be small. Furthermore, a thick waxy surface is found over the leaves. This layer experiences significant fluctuation of wind, rainfall and temperature (Amazon Rainforest, Blue Planet Biomes). The next layer i.e. ‘the canopy’ is considered to be a major layer of Amazonia. Most of the trees in this lay er have oval and smooth leaves and almost 80% of sunlight gets filtered through them. The canopy acts as a home to hundreds and thousands of species. The next layer gets 3-5% of the sunlight. Plants in this layer find some unique ways of adaptability in this shadowy system. Due to very low movement of air, plants and their leaves greatly depend on the animals and insects for pollinating the flowers (Amazon Rainfores

Motor Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Motor Industry - Essay Example The government is trying to reduce people's reliance on cars and get them to use the public transport network, which may well be good news for buses. Unfortunately they appear to be using the stick and stick approach to getting people out of their cars. Consumer confidence in the new car market is currently in a downturn. This is due to a number of factors. Firstly, rising interest rates mean that the cost of car ownership is increasing (due to the increasing cost of loans needed to pay for owning me a new car). Also the rise in interest rates means that there is less income available for spending on a new car. There is also a lot of consumer uncertainty in the costs of fuel. Taxation is also playing a part; taxation rules now view company cars as a benefit to the employee rather than its necessity of doing the job. And as such taxation rules regarding them are tightening sharply it is no longer much of a benefit to have a company car - although they can be considered a status symbol. A higher proportion of households now have more than one vehicle and this has led to a number of interesting effects. There are a growing number of women in the workplace, and as such or ownership amongst women is going up. In addition as households have more than one vehicle, those vehicles are becoming differentiated. ... A household may well a people carrier or large vehicle for family use and a smaller or sportier car for personal use. T - Technological - How new and emerging technology affects our business There are two main technological challenges to the modern motor industry. Firstly there is a change to the way people buy cars. Due to the internet people are able to research their choices more thoroughly. For example, J.D Power and Associates studied nearly 30,000 car buyers in 2002 to discover that more than half the buyers look at the internet before making a buying decision about a car. Additionally nearly 90% of car buyers visit the car manufacturer's website to get a better idea about the look and feel of the car. Therefore, the use of technology in this area is an essential requirement for car manufactures of today (Baki et. al., 2004). And secondly a quotation from the introduction to the Automotive Electronics show: "What sort of car will you be driving in ten years time The most significant difference will be the use of electronics to make cars safer, smarter, less polluting and more enjoyable to drive. Tomorrow's road vehicles will have significant in-car processing power to lighten the driver workload and will be able to communicate with the road infrastructure receiving advance warning of congestion or other hazards. The possibilities appear endless and limited only by our imagination. The two major drivers will be to reduce road accidents and pollution as car ownership rises in the decades to come." L - Legal - How local, national and world legislation affects us The Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders did a survey in 2006. Nearly 90% of respondents said that legislation had

Strengths and Weaknesses of Utilitarianism Essay Example for Free

Strengths and Weaknesses of Utilitarianism Essay The prominant criticism of Utilitarianism is that it is extremely hard to predict the results of an action. The outcomes of all situations are hard to predict, so how can we possibly apply the rule of the greatest happiness for the greatest number if we do not know who will benefit most? It is also difficult to decide whether an outcome is morally good or bad. People have contrasting opinions on what they think is right or wrong and it depends on the individual who is making the decision. This causes problems because a thing that is good to one person may at the same time be bad to another, One mans happiness is another mans pain. Without an absolute definition of happiness, it is hard to arrive at a right decision. Another problem of Utilitarianism is the concept of time. Is long term or short term pleasure more valuable? For example, when deciding whether to take an ecstasy tablet at a club. Taking the pill may give you a lot of short-term pleasure, but in the long term, it may cause more harm than good. Not taking the tablet would involve fewer risks and would avoid potential pain. Even here, you cannot predict the results of your decision, as there is no way of telling the effect the ecstasy has on you until you have tried it. Not only is it hard to tell what will be the consequences in the long run, but it is hard to define the time period of the long run to begin with. A particular problem with Utilitarianism stands out to me that totally immoral acts can be justified if they are seen to benefit the greatest number of people. For example In the early 1800s in South America, slave labour took place because it was seen to produce the most amount of good for the most amount of people. Slavery was an efficient way for Southern farmers to produce goods at a cheap price and these goods brought a lot of pleasure to a great amount of people. On the other hand, the slaves suffered terribly and had to endure vast amounts of pain and torture. Nevertheless the most amount of good was produced and enjoyed by the most amount of people through slavery therefore satisfying the principle of Utility. This example clearly shows how utilitarianism can cause injustice and the denial of human rights. The theory disregards motivation and goodwill, says that the majority is always right and Does not protect the innocent minorities. John Rawls agreed with this weakness. He argued that utilitarianism is too impersonal. In its pursuit of the greater good, it disregards the rights of individuals. He said that Utilitarianism could therefore be used to promote a dictatorship, in which decisions were made to over-ride the interests of the individual in favour of the greater good of society. Despite all the arguments against Utilitarianism, there are some valid points for the theory. It is widely accepted throughout the world as many countries run by means of democracy. Our political leaders are elected through the ballot box, the majority overriding the minority. This however does not automatically mean that they are the most suited people for the job. Utilitarianism also allows people to contemplate the situation before making the decision. This time prevents people from making hasty, unethical decisions, as it encourages thought before action. The aim of the theory is to produce happiness and pleasure. These are two desirable things as Utilitarianism says that pleasure is the sole good and pain is the sole evil, Nature has placed mankind under the governance of two sovereign masters-pleasure and pain. Supporters of the theory would argue that promoting pleasure must be a good thing as most people see pleasure as desirable over pain. They would also say that the intention of Utilitarianism was not to create immorality but to please to maximum number of people possible Surely it is better for a hundred people to be happy than five? Another good aspect of Utilitarianism is that it has one simple absolute, which can be applied to all situations with a positive outcome. In times of difficulty, it eases people out of difficult situations, as they cannot be blamed for making the wrong decision if they claim it was for the happiness of the majority. Any prejudices the decision maker may hold are eradicated in Utilitarianism, as they have to stick to the main rule. There is also some flexibility for emotions in moral decision making according to Rule Utilitarianism. This part of the theory allows respect for the rules that are created to better our society although even these rules do not have to be kept all the time if you are a weak utilitarian which poses problems over what the theory really is. Utilitarianism is a theory that Christians can relate to. Mill brought it closer to the Christian church by introducing Rule Utilitarianism. This would be closer to the principals Jesus lived by. For example, it was against the Jewish law to work on the Sabbath but when people were in need, Jesus bent this rule and healed them. The largest connection Christianity has with Utilitarianism is the death of Jesus. He was crucified and died for the sins of mankind, sacrificing himself for the majority. However, Utilitarianism does accept evil where Christianity most certainly does not.

Public transport Essay Example for Free

Public transport Essay The technique the client and I used to attempt to help her manage her agoraphobia was to expose her gradually to her fear of open spaces. We did this by going for walks increasing the distance each time as the clients anxiety levels decreased. We would not extend distancing until the client could reach a certain agreed point without feeling anxious. During the exposure the client and I would discuss how she was feeling and if she became very anxious we would stop and adopt relaxation techniques in the form of breathing. A fuller discussion of these techniques will be discussed later on. The aim was to relax the clients while confronting her with her fear and then build up gradually so she could take a taxi to her fathers flat and take other public transport.  When the client reached the stage where she became comfortable with the walking distances we arranged a public transport ride. During the days prior to the journey we adopted visualisation where the client would imagine what would happen in the bus. We would also discuss how she would deal with the situation if she were to suffer an epileptic fit while in a bus or out walking. This technique is a form of behaviour therapy called graded exposure (Atkinson 1993) it is all very well facilitating the person to understand why she is phobic but this does not mean the person will be cured of her phobia (Manville 1991).  The aim of behaviour therapy is to change the clients behaviour. It works on the principle that the behaviour has been learnt, but this did not cause her to change her behaviour. The basic approach of graded exposure is to relax the phobia and then introduce her gradually to the object or situation she fears. The nurse can either do this with the client through visualisation or actual exposure (Atkinson 1993).  This client was exposed using visualisation but the technique used the most was direct exposure to the situation.  The ideas to take the clients smallest fear and confront this first working up to their largest fear. This is called the graded hierarchy. The clients smallest fear was to go out of her front door and her largest was to be able to travel on public transport at will. Working towards the clients largest goal gradually is most effective. Clients may lose their fears more readily if they actually expose themselves to anxiety provoking situations in a sequence of graduate steps.  (Sherman 1972 cited in Atkinson 1993 page 678).  Another technique we use to help clients manage her agoraphobia was relaxation techniques.  The clients experienced various unpleasant anxiety symptoms usually just before and during the exposure. The client would feel agitated at the prospect of experiencing anxiety while outside. She would suffer from many physical symptoms. She would have increased pulse rate, pounding heart, nausea and a dry mouth. She would also sweat and complain of butterflies in her stomach or churning. As part of my assignment of the clients anxiety I needed to be able to have observe these feelings and symptoms in the client. Then together we could deal with them and ease her uncomfortable state. I asked questions to myself such as Is she sweating? Is her body language suggestive of anxiety? This would mean shaking or agitated moments.  During times when the client was anxious she found it difficult to concentrate and think rationally or logically. She found it difficult to name her feelings. These are normal reactions. (Wilson and Kneisl 1996). Emotionally the client described herself as tense, nervy, anxious and like Im going to die. The clients would also have negative thoughts about herself. She would say she was silly and useless. So anxiety affected her physical state and cognitions.  This anxiety was causing the client to become increasingly isolated in her flat and also affected her self-esteem because she felt the anxiety controlled her. She recognised the need to control her anxiety, and she wanted to control it and therefore needed to be educated about anxiety and then hopefully she feels more competent to deal with her feelings. The client and I engaged in teaching about anxiety. It was explained that anxiety symptoms occur when our brains interpret a given situation as anxiety provoking. (Baker 1995). The subject of our body involved in the responses in these responses is the autonomic nervous system, which is divided into two components; the Sympathetic and the Parasympathetic systems. The Sympathetic system causes the individual responses to speed up and the Parasympathetic causes the responses to slow down. So when a person encounters an anxiety-provoking situation, for example, a person approaches someone with a knife, does that person run away or stay and fight? This is termed to fight or flight Syndrome and is dependent on the individuals or biological response to the stressor.  These responses to stress are quite normal and we need them to protect us from danger. Anxiety becomes a problem when a person perceives a situation as a stressor even when it is not. The person will find it difficult to relax and calm down. The interpretation of their anxiety and unpleasant feelings will in turn reinforce more anxiety. Severe anxiety and panic will interfere with the persons role of functioning and daily living as it did with this client. She could not do any of her own shopping or engage in any of her hobbies due to lack of concentration and also could not engage in employment. A consistently sensitised body will eventually become mentally and physically exhausted which prevents activity and decreases esteem (Weekes 1995). It was important for the client to be taught the facts because then the client can begin to recognise when she feels anxious and also can realise that it is a normal reaction to stress (Wilson and Kneisl 1996).  The client and myself would sit in comfortable chairs and think of a place we associated with being relaxed and peaceful environment, for example, in the farm or beach, then we would imagine ourselves in the peaceful surroundings again. This technique is based on the rationale that muscle tension is the bodys response to anxiety. Muscular tension increases the feeling of anxiety and reinforces it. Deep muscle relaxation decreases the tension and blocks the anxiety. It aims to decrease the pulse rate and respiratory rate, blood pressure and perspiration, which are both heightened in anxiety. (Wilson and Kneisl 1996). As the client experienced those feelings the technique seemed relevant to attempt to alleviate the uncomfortable feelings. So graded exposure and relaxation techniques are highly effective when combined together to alleviate fears and phobias. The principles of the treatment are to substitute a response that is incompatible with anxiety, that is, relaxation. It is difficult to be anxious and relaxed all the same time. (Atkinson 1993).  Before we begin the exposure and relaxation, the client could not even make it as far as the front step outside her front door. By the time the exposure therapy was undergoing she began to gradually improve until more comfortable with going outside. She was far from cured but she was gradually becoming more confident when been exposed. Current research on behaviour therapy supports it as a treatment for agoraphobia. For example; Behavioural treatment based on exposure and can provide lasting relief to the majority of patients. (Giovanne et al 1995 p 87).  The education I engaged in with a client regarding relaxation techniques and the biology of anxiety could be said but to be health prolonging. We were trying to work together to empower the clients to make her own decisions about her treatment based on the knowledge of her illness. Once she understood her illness she could begin to make health choices. This education may affect her perception of her illness. Perceived health stresses play a role in the frequency of health promotion behaviour (Pencle 1987). Before we began the therapies the client had a very negative opinion of herself and her abilities, this affected her self-esteem and therefore her experiences of well being. Therefore this affected her perceptions of her illness. Through education, knowledge and practice the client began to fill more positive and began making more decisions about her health and treatment. These examples of decision-making could then be reinforced to her to emphasise the value of good health. (Pender 1987).

Effects Of Global Recession On Marriott Hotels

Effects Of Global Recession On Marriott Hotels The hospitality industry is in the waist of venturesome ,verdicts .there are two challenges , which are effecting hospitality industry, the first challenge is globalization and second one is economical recession. Hospitality industry is hit by the global financial crisis, mostly tourism is involved with money, during economic recession, people dont like to spend much money for entertainment, they are started to think for saving money for basic needs like food shelter and family necessities. Any way because of recession hotel industry is in risky position, according to economical data the hospitality industry need, find away to bring normal position. Organization Background: Marriott is most popular and leading hotels in the world, first Marriott was opened by J Willard and Alice S Marriott, in Washington D.C (U.S), in 1927.also Marriott has more than 2800 properties, almost in 70 countries. Marriott planning to open more hotels and resorts different places in different countries. they plan to target the business strategies; Marriott developed the courtyard by Marriott concept approach to new product development. Marriott gives customer card (for regular customers) it gives 30%discount on the bill. The major in come for the hotels is from rooms Marriott is very good at there. 1. Events: Weddings and meetings: Marriott gives different types of packages for the weddings, Marriott is one of the best places to celebrate the weddings, and Marriott provides special accommodation for the couple, Marriott gives more facilities for sports, its provided the golf court in Resorts, They provide number of banquet facilities with, qualities service. They main theme is give good service to the customers and build-up the business strategy. 2. Inquiries: Marriott hotel handles the business inquiries from all over the world, Marriotts human resources is exhausting survey of local market requested by U.K hotels in U.K. local knowledge of local staff is most comprehended for the local inquiry. Rationale for the chosen topic: In this research on proposed topic due to my previous working experience in hotel Marriott, Hyderabad, India, there my position was a supervisor, during that time, my hotel was affecting by the economy crunch, not only that hotel but almost all hotels were facing same problem, the business has been getting down. The human resources were having more problems, instead of taking new staff, they were using same staff for extra work, they cutting the jobs, and decreasing the salaries. And there were more competitions between other hotels, Therefore this topic persuade to research on the specified objective below. Research objectives: The research objective is to critically investigate the affects of global recession on the tourism and hotel industry, in this process how hotel industry seek away from recession. The research objectives are listed below: 1 .The first objective is to recognize the several challenges, lying in hotel industry. 2. The second objective is resolving the different, solutions to economic recession and constructs the intensity. 3. The third objective is to produce several strategies, which is allocated in the economic recession challenges, with another shove. Research questions: This proposed research aims to answer the following questions: How can the credit crunch and recession change the hotel industry as a whole? Answering the above question will lead to the subsequent questions like: How would the Hotel Marriot take it up as a challenge? And what steps would it follow to overcome the recession? Why and how are they planning to reduce the accommodation tariffs? What are the reasons for the credit crunch and recession? And finally what procedures would they put in place in order to overcome the present recession? Literature Re-view: In this recession period competition started between the hotels, the competition is depend on, quality of restaurants and type of acommbidation and tariff ,hotel Starwood, Hilton, Inter Continental, the Accor groups are the main competitors for Marriott hotel. In recent years the global tourism and hospitality industry has experienced many serious crises and disaster, including terrorist attacks political instability, economical recession. Ref: (Boniface and Cooper, geography of travel and tourism 476). This proposal agree the above article ,according to author ,the hotel and tourism industries has been reaching problems with political and economical recession. The economy is depending up on the state, when the economy is decreased the recession will happened. People taken the more loans and houses on mortgage, they couldnt know whether they can return or not, during the economy slumps they were unable to return the money to banks, at the same time the banks are started to get loses, hence the recession started. After 9/11 attack the hotel industry has suddenly changed, they have lost major part of income. Hotel industry is depended with luxury and expensive, during recession people have started to change their thinkings, as enjoyment is just part of life, instead of spending money for enjoyment they started saving money to important necessities. And people have no money, most of the employees are losing their jobs, they just scaring about their future. During the recession the hotels has been facing more problems, because they cant afford the own money to run their business, and banks are not lending the money to any, business organizations. Unfortunately, the growth in the U.K sector has not been matched by the provision or detailed analysis of information sources. Typically supply side statistics are usually limited to room stock, where as demand side statistics are usually confined to occupancy percentage. Ref: (Paul, A. Phillips hospitality management 147-154). According to author the hotel business is depended with occupancy percentage, when the room Occupancy rooms high automatically the profit would be high. According to research above statement shows, credit crunch and economical recession. Credit crunch: where the low money to lending for business and interest rates are very high is called credit crunch. During the 2007 their for successful business, most of the business consumers facing more problems by credit crunch. Banks are scared to give loans for business, at the same time, customers also not depositing their money in banks, because the customers also fearing about credit crunch and they are keeping money with them. And high rates of interests also struggling business companies, no chance to start big business organization hotels. So credit crunch is affecting the major hotels. Although hotel insolvencies have increased by over 150% from the end of 2006 to October 2008 there will be further failure in 2009 when the full impacts of reduced demand will be felt. Ref: (Stephen Broom, Financial Times, nov23, 2008). According to author, Hotels are loosing their profit by offering low rates of acommbidation; Marriott has been getting down the over all profit. People taken the more loans and houses on mortgage, they couldnt know whether they can return or not, during the economy slumps they were unable to return the money to banks, at the same time the banks are started to get loses, hence the recession started. During the recession the hotels has been facing more problems, because they cant afford the own money to run their business, and banks are not lending the money to any, business organizations. Hotels are loosing their profit by offering low rates of acommbidation. Assesses changes occurring in the UK hotel market during 1997 and relates these to current and predicted future developments. Identifies the key issues affecting supply and demand, competitive success and likely impacts and influences on the UK market during 1998. Ref: (Trevor Ward, Contemporary Hospitality Management 270-273). According to Ward the key issues are raising on product and demand , most of the hotels following same way, just they decrease the room cost, they aim to attract the customers in the recession by the same way they has been gaining loses. The general economic factors also affect the hotel industry, bad whether, the credit crunch and a decline in job, work against the industry as holiday travel is curtailed or eliminate. Ref: (Roo Sadegi Financial Times, n.d.). According to Roo, the hotel industry is affecting by whether and economical recession, most of employees are losing their jobs during the recession. It is hardly affecting the industry, employers also, not interesting to recruit the new staff, why means they are unable to pay wages to staff, so they are cutting jobs frequently. Not only in U.K most of countries affecting by economical recession. Data collection method: 1. Primary data collection method 2. Secondary data collection method Primary Data Collection Method: This primary data contain in-dept interview with the assistant general manager of hotel Marriott and customers, the interview for manager will be conducted by telephone, and whole conversation will be tape recorded. This interview estimated to between half an hour to an hour, questions will be prepared advance in a particular schedule. The questions will be having clear idea about area, what we have to cover. This is research of process is devolved by (Gill and Johnson 1991). Secondary Data Collection Method: Information will be gathered through online, books and news papers. This research proposal contains more information from online because no much literature about this research (Saunders, Lewis and Thorn hill). The data collection methods give brief idea about above research proposal. Methodology: Research methodology performs the important function in explaining the type of research strategy that the researcher may assume pass leading a research and it clarifies how the research is departing. The research is very important so it has main intention as information of the examiners, examine and normal (Jankkowicz, 2005). It explains how data would be collected, and gives idea about which methods to be used. As the principal indented of the researcher is to investigate the affects of global recession on hotel and tourism industry with hotel Marriott, allocate access would be principally inductive in character. The data collecting method in-depth interview (Saunders, Lewis and Thorn hill, 2007), this interview will not be the prepared questions, it will be according participant, and would be very clear ideas (Alyan Bryman, Emma Bell, 2007). Data Analysis: The research process contain both qualitative and quantitative data analysis approach, this is developed by (Saunders, Lewis and Thorn hill, 2007), data gathered through, in-depth interviews in telephone. This research will developed, based on grounded theory, use of this proposal is data analysis could carry out in a minor formalized. This research could also create of the data management, statistical analysis software such as statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS). This software is admittance from the center; it will be used great full presentation of graphs, tables. Resources Requirement: For this research proposal, required largely from on-line. And need library facilities for declared copies, books and literature Re-view. Even tough, its not obtain much literature review. The beginning of the ground work will presume the comprehensive utilize of telephone amenities. It is primary proper to the lengthy way to approach into Hotel Marriott and models supply by the organization. Following interviews of customers also carried by telephone or internet rely on the interviewees` priority. Time Scale: Table: Gantt- Chart (Feb 20th to Apr 29)

Comparing Platos Allegory of the Cave and Maimonides Limits of Mans

Plato's Allegory of the Cave and Maimonides' Limits of Man's Intellect      Ã‚   Enlightenment is the key subject of both Plato's "Allegory" and Moses Maimonides' "Limits of Man's Intellect." To them, obtaining knowledge is life's most significant objective. Plato stresses "the Good" while Maimonides encourages "Perfection" as the aim of this objective. While both authors share compatible thoughts toward the subject of enlightenment, there are key differences between "the Good" and "Perfection" that should be duly noted.    In Plato's "Allegory" we see mankind in a state of imprisonment. What they consider reality is merely shadows that are cast on a cavern wall. This can be linked to Maimonide's essay in that he views man's youth as a kind of imprisonment when it comes to obtaining abstract knowledge. He says it is important to initiate the young and teach them according to their ability to comprehend (296). This I feel is an initial starting point, a state of beginnings similar to man being shackled by the limits of its intellect at youth. In the "Allegory of ...

Dickens Social Commentary in Great Expectations Essay -- GCSE English

Dickens' Social Commentary in Great Expectations  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚   Charles Dickens' Great Expectations stands as one of the most highly revered works in all of English literature. The novel's perennial appeal lies in its penetrating depictions of character, rich panoramas of social milieu, and implicit crusades against social evils.1 Dickens used the growth of his characters in Great Expectations, particularly Pip, in relation to others to write about social reform, and most effectively illustrated this by using the first-person narrative style. In Great Expectations, Charles Dickens has written a social commentary using the development of his characters to illustrate his message. In my paper, I will concentrate on three of the main characters, Magwitch, Miss Havisham, Estella, and Joe Gargery. During the time when he lived, Dickens recognized many evils in society. In Great Expectations he focused on the problem of the whole idea of a class in society. It was a social commentary on society. His way to illustrate the solution to the problem of class in society was "to create characters who can get beyond the limitations and divisions of class identifications and see themselves as responsible humans."2 The people who read Dickens' works were often the kinds of people he was attacking. Dickens lived during the Victorian age which was known as the age of social criticism. Great Expectations was Dickens first attack on class in society.3 Dickens did not come right out and preach about social reform in his novels. He uses his rich characters to illustrate the values and morals he is trying to get across. Great Expectations is a novel of social criticism. In Dickens' opinion the two main social evils were selfishness an... ...ornback, 22. 3. Hornback, 4-5. 4. Hornback, 27-28. 5. Charles Dickens, Great Expectations (New York: Dodd, Mead and Company, 1942), 3. 6. Dickens, 395. 7. Dickens, 68. 8. Dickens, 71 . 9. Dickens, 72. 10. Dickens, 72. 11. Dickens, 598. 12. Dickens, 57. 13. Hornback, 25-26. 14. Hornback, 60.          Works Cited Chesterton, G.K. Charles Dickens: A Critical Study. New York: Dodd, Mead and Company, 1906. Dickens, Charles. Great Expectations. New York: Dodd, Mead and Company, 1942. Hornback, Bert G. Great Expectations: A Novel of Friendship. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1987. Pearson, Hesketh. Dickens, His Character, Comedy, and Career. New York: Harper and Brothers Publishers, 1949. Priestley, J.B. Charles Dickens and His World. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1961.   

Physics Dot Points Prelim

Physics syllabus dot point summary Nathan Kulmar 8. 2. 1. 1 describe the energy transformations required in one of the following: – mobile telephone – fax/modem – radio and television Energy is stored as chemical energy in the phone’s battery. Chemical energy is transformed into electrical energy to operate the phone.The microphone converts sound energy in to electrical energy. Antanna converts electrical to electromagnetic energy to send a siginal. The receiver speaker converts electric energy in to sound energy. 8. 2. 1. 2 describe waves as a transfer of energy disturbance that may occur in one, two or three dimensions, depending on the nature of the wave and the medium The energy from waves may spread out as a disturbance in Dimension- Energy travels in a straight line from the source 2 Dimensions- Energy spreads out in a plane or surface 3 Dimensions- Energy spreads out in to space surrounding the source in all directions 8.2. 1. 3 identify that mechan ical waves require a medium for propagation while electromagnetic waves do not Mechanical waves: require a medium, solid, liquid or gas to transfer energy. Electromagnetic waves: which don’t require a medium for transfer of energy. 8. 2. 1. define and apply the following terms to the wave model: medium, displacement, amplitude, period, compression, rarefaction, crest, trough, transverse waves, longitudinal waves, frequency, wavelength, velocity Medium: is what isn’t need for the electromagnetic spectrum to travel. Displacement: the distance from the point of equilibrium to the wave Amplitude: the distance to the point of maximum displacement Period: time taken o complete a single wave length Compression: an area where partials are pushed togetherRarefaction: point where a partial reaches it’s maximum displacement vertically down Crest: the point where a partial reaches it’s maximum displacement vertically up Trough: the point where a partial reaches itâ⠂¬â„¢s maximum displacement vertically down Transverse waves: the direction of travel is at right angles to the oscillation (figure 2) Longitudinal waves: the direction of travel is parallel to the oscillation (figure 1) Frequency: the number of oscillations that pass a point in a second.V. remoteMissilesNight visibility gogglesSoft tissue treatment| Microwaves| Antenna| MobilesSending info. Cooking| Radio waves| Antenna| CommunicationAstronomy| 8. 2. 3. 4 explain that the relationship between the intensity of electromagnetic radiation and distance from a source is an example of the inverse square law I? 1d2 The intensity of the electromagnetic radiation is proportional to 1 divided by the distance squared. As the waves travel further from the point of origin they spread out and become less intense. I=k/d2 I=intensity k=constant d= distance 8. 2. 3. outline how the modulation of amplitude or frequency of visible light, microwaves and/or radio waves can be used to transmit informatio n Information is converted into a wave and then placed on a carrier wave. It uses the properties of superposition to place the wave on to the carrier wave. Digital is made up of a series of one’s and zero’s. Digital encoding is made in to binary and are transmitted via light, microwaves, television waves and waves from the electromagnetic spectrum. There are two types of analogue transition one is AM. AM stands for Amplitude Modulation.This works by a using a high frequency carrier wave which has the modulation signal placed on it. Frequency will remain the same but amplitude will change. The other Form is FM. This stands for Frequency Modulation. A wave is frequency is chosen as the carrier wave and the modulation signal is placed on the carrier wave. Amplitude stays the same. 8. 2. 3. 6 discuss problems produced by the limited range of the electromagnetic spectrum available for communication purposes All EMR (electromagnetic radiation) will suffer attenuation (reduct ion in intensity) as they pass through the atmosphere or any other material.As the earth is bombarded with UV radiation from the sun the ionosphere becomes charged. This can cause problems such as ghosting which is a double image on your T. V. screen. Also large portions of EMR are unable to be used because they are too dangerous such as Gamma-rays and X-rays. Ultraviolet and visible are too difficult to produce and encounter too much interference. Near infrared and infrared also have difficult because of impurities in optical fibbers will absorbed the light. Microwaves and T. V. waves require line of sight to be practical. . 2. 4. 1 describe and apply the law of reflection and explain the effect of reflection from a plane surface on waves Electromagnetic waves may be reflected from a plane surface and they must obey the Law of Reflection: Angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection Incident ray, reflected ray and normal must all be in the same plane. 8. 2. 4. 2 describe ways in which applications of reflection of light, radio waves and microwaves have assisted in information transfer Light is used in optical fibbers to transmit data.The light is reflected off the inside of the glass tube and can carry multiple messages at the same time in a single fibber. Radio waves are reflected off the ionosphere to that they can travel a longer distance. Microwaves send transitions to satellites where they are reflected back through the atmosphere to earth. 8. 2. 4. 3 describe one application of reflection Plane surfaces Mirrors. They allow people to look at their bodies without distortion. Concave surfaces Satellite dishes. They focus incoming rays to a single point called the focus and energised the signal at this point. Convex surface Rear vision mirrors.They allow a large field of view in a small area but will give the viewer a false scene of distance Radio waves being reflected by the ionosphere Radio waves are reflected off the ionosphere to provide a greater distance to which a listener can be from the source of the broadcast. 8. 2. 4. 4 explain that refraction is related to the velocities of a wave in different media and outline how this may result in the bending of a wavefront Refraction is the phenomenon where waves appear to bend as the waves pass from one medium to another. If wavefronts strike a boundary at any other angle other than 90 ° than a change of speed will occur.If a wave goes from one medium to another and the speed is lower than it will bend towards the normal. If it goes into a medium where the speed is faster than it will bend away from the normal. The waves bend because the incident ray first strikes the medium it slows down and the rest of the ray continues at the same speed until it makes contact with the medium. It is the wavelength that changes not the frequency. 8. 2. 4. 5 define refractive index in terms of changes in the velocity of a wave in passing from one medium to another The refractive index is the ra tio of the two wave velocities during the efraction. The refractive index is a measure of how much the light bends. 8. 2. 4. 6 define Snell’s Law: V1V2=sin isin r V1 and V2 are the speeds of the waves in wave in the different mediums. Sin i is the angle of incidence and sin r is the angle of reflection. It is the relationship between speed, wavelength and angles of incidence refraction was determined experimentally by Willebrorod Snell and is known as Snell’s law. 8. 2. 4. 7 identify the conditions necessary for total internal reflection with reference to the critical angle If the critical angle is reached than the angle or reflection is 90 °.When the critical angle is exceeded than the light can’t escape and total internal refraction occurs. The light must be travelling from a medium with a higher refractive index to one with a lower refractive index. 8. 2. 4. 8 outline how total internal reflection is used in optical fibres Optical fibres are one application of total internal refraction. They are made of high purity glass, the central region is called the core and the outer region called the cladding. The cladding confines the light to the core and thus must have a lower refractive index than the core.Once information is digitally encoded, at the transmitting end, the signal is converted from electrical energy to light energy and then transmitted along the optical fibre. The information is sent as a series of coded pulses of light. The pulse is either on or off. At the receiving end it is decoded. 8. 2. 5. 1 identify types of communication data that are stored or transmitted in digital form CD ROMs (Compact Disk Read-Only Memory) these discs store data in digitised form as tiny bits. They are read using a low power laser beam. They cannot be edited and are read only.They are fairly slow to read and can only store 8000Mbytes DVD (Digital Versatile Discs) these disks can hole 5 billion bytes of data, thus making possible the storage of m emory consuming movie length video and sound. GPS (Global Positioning Systems) this worldwide system uses a fleet of 24 satellites that transmit signals constantly. A GPS system, few hundred dollars, can interact with the satellite to pinpoint your latitude, longitude and altitude with in 50m. 8. 3. 1. 1 discuss how the main sources of domestic energy have changed over time.The sources of domestic energy have changed rapidly over time: * 50,000 BC: control of fire: cooking and heating * 10,000 BC: domestication of animals: animal power for transport and ploughing. * 3,000 BC: wind and water power: sailing boats and windmills * 1750 AD: burning of coal begins to replace wood. Steam engines, trains, steam, ships. * 1780-1800: scientific investigations of the properties of electricity. Conflicting theories, scientific curiosity small amounts of energy in batteries. * 1830’s: discover how to generate electricity using a â€Å"dynamo† (generator).Still used in scientific la bs. * 1880-1910: a flood of inventions such as the light bulb, telephone, gramophone and radio were create with electricity. * 1950- : all industrialized nations had become totally converted to electricity for domestic power. 8. 3. 1. 2 assess some of the impacts of changes in, and increased access to, sources of energy for a community Some impacts of charges in sources of energy are: * The use of coal has had a particularly large impact on our society. * Coal burns hot fires to make steel and other metals. Steel major factor that lead to the industrial revolution. * Coal lead to the development of the steam engine. * Pollution and global warming was created. 8. 3. 1. 3 discuss some of the ways in which electricity can be provided in remote locations Use small generators that rotate a coil by a petrol or oil motor. Solar cells and wind generators are also used to convert sunlight and wind into electricity. 8. 3. 2. 1 describe the behaviour of electrostatic charges and the properties of the fields associated with them * Two types of charges positive and negative Charges go away from positive, charges go towards negative * An electrostatic charge is a charge due to an excess or deficiency of electrons. * A body with equal number of protons and electrons will be neutral. * Body has an excess of electron is negatively charged. 8. 3. 2. 2 define the unit of electric charge as the coulomb Electric charge is measured in coulombs the coulomb (c) is the SI unit of electric charge. 1 coulomb = 1c = 6. 25 x10^18 charge = 1. 6 x10^19 charge 8. 3. 2. 3 define the electric field as a field of force with a field strength equal to the force per unit charge at that point: E=FqE = magnitude of electric field (NC-1) Newton per coulomb q = charge (C) coulombs F = force (N) Newton 8. 3. 2. 4 define electric current as the rate at which charge flows (coulombs/ second or amperes) under the influence of an electric field Current is the rate at which charge flows (Csec. or Amperes) un der the influence of an electric field. I= QT I = current Q= charge (coulombs) T= time (sec) 8. 3. 2. 5 identify that current can be either direct with the net flow of charge carriers moving in one direction or alternating with the charge carriers moving backwards and forwards periodically DC = direct currentCharge moves in one direction Direct positive to negative movement AC = alternating current Charge moves back and forth periodically. Directions changes 50 times per second. 8. 3. 2. 6 describe electric potential difference (voltage) between two points as the change in potential energy per unit charge moving from one point to the other (joules/coulomb or volts) Electric potential difference (Voltage) between two points is the change in potential energy per unit charge moving from one point to another (joules/coulomb or Volts). . 3. 2. 7 discuss how potential difference changes between different points around a DC circuit Potential difference can vary at different points around a circuit for example there will be different voltage drops across various resistors, light globes and rheostats which would be different to the voltage rise across the power pack. 8. 3. 2. 8 identify the difference between conductors and insulators Insulators will not allow electricity to flow through them because they have a very high resistance.Conductors have a very low resistance and therefore will allow current to flow through them. 8. 3. 2. 9 define resistance as the ratio of voltage to current for a particular conductor: V=IR V= Voltage I= Current in amps R= Resistance in ohms 8. 3. 2. 10 describe qualitatively how each of the following affects the movement of electricity through a conductor: Length: Resistance is proportional to length; the longer a conductor the greater the resistance Cross sectional area: larger the cross-section the lower the resistance.Temperature: temperature increases ions vibrate increasing resistance. Material: material of a conductor influences resi stance; copper is commonly used for household wiring, gold or silver used when minimal resistance required. 8. 3. 3. 1 identify the difference between series and parallel circuits Series: * There is only one current pathway. * Current is the same throughout the whole circuit * If a series circuit is broken at any point then the electricity cannot flow through it. * Current remains constant and voltage varies (VT=V1+V2+V3).Parallel: * There is more then one current pathway. * All components have the same potential difference across them * In parallel, voltage remains constant and current varies (IT=I1+I2+I3). 8. 3. 3. 2 compare parallel and series circuits in terms of voltage across components and current through them Parallel| Series| VT= V1 = V2 = V3| VT= V1 + V2 + V3| IT=I1 + I2 + I3| IT=I1 = I2 = I3| 8. 3. 3. 3 identify uses of ammeters and voltmeters Ammeters measure the flow of electrons through a point in the circuit.Voltmeters measure the potential difference between two poin ts. 8. 3. 3. 4 explain why ammeters and voltmeters are connected differently in a circuit Ammeter: cannot change the current being measured, must have minimum resistance, current must flow through the ammeter, MUST BE PLACED IN SERIES Voltmeter: measure the penitential difference (voltage) between two points in a circuit, PLACED IN PARALLEL CURCUITS, important that voltmeter has high resistance so that there is not affect on the circuit. 8. 3. 3. explain why there are different circuits for lighting, heating and other appliances in a house In a house there are separate circuits for lighting, heating and other appliances so that appliances that require large amounts of current can still function without over-loading the circuit. If everything was on one circuit there would be too much current used and the wires would become hot and potentially cause a fire. 8. 3. 4. 1 explain that power is the rate at which energy is transformed from one form to another Power is defined as the rate a t which energy is transformed from one form to another. watt=1 W=1J/s 1kW=1000watts P=ET Power ((Joules = watts (W)) = Energy (J) / time (s) 8. 3. 4. 2 identify the relationship between power, potential difference and current Power is the number of joules per second (watts), for every current (I in Amps), Voltage (v in volts) are dissipated. P=VI Power (Watts) = Voltage (V) x Current (A) 8. 3. 4. 3 identify that the total amount of energy used depends on the length of time the current is flowing and can be calculated using: Energy=VIt Electrical energy (joules) = Voltage (volts) x Current (amps) x Time (sec) P=VIPower (Watts) = Voltage (V) x Current (A) P=ET Power ((Joules = watts (W)) = Energy (J) / time (s) 8. 3. 4. 4 explain why the kilowatt-hour is used to measure electrical energy consumption rather than the joule 1kW. h is the energy used by a 1 kW appliance operating for 1 hour. Measuring in joule is a big inconvenient because 1 joule is a very tiny amount of energy. 8. 3. 5. 1 describe the behaviour of the magnetic poles of bar magnets when they are brought close together Magnets have 2 different poles north and south. They can either be attract or repel each other.Opposite poles attract, same poles repel. 8. 3. 5. 2 define the direction of the magnetic field at a point as the direction of force on a very small north magnetic pole when placed at that point The direction of a magnetic field is the direction of force on a very small magnetic north pole placed in the field. The currents from the north pole more towards to the south pole. 8. 3. 5. 3 describe the magnetic field around pairs of magnetic poles Field lines come out of the North and into the south. Field lines never cross. The magnitude of the field is indicated by the density of the field lines. . 3. 5. 4 describe the production of a magnetic field by an electric current in a straight current-carrying conductor and describe how the right hand grip rule can determine the direction of current an d field lines The direction of the magnetic field is described by the right hand rule. Right hand grip rule: Grip wire with right hand, thumb pointing in direction of conventional current, fingers will curl around in the direction of the magnetic field. 8. 3. 5. 5 compare the nature and generation of magnetic fields by solenoids and a bar magnet * A solenoid is a coil of wire. When a current flows in the solenoid it produces a magnetic field around the coil which is similar to that of a bar magnet. * In a solenoid the field continues through the middle as parallel lines. * The direction of the magnetic field inside a solenoid is given by the right hand rule. 8. 3. 6. 1 discuss the dangers of an electric shock from both a 240 volt AC mains supply and various DC voltages, from appliances, on the muscles of the body * The neuromuscular system runs on the movement of electrical changes. An electric current through the body has the effect to disrupt its normal function. A typical respons e of your body’s muscles to an electric shock would be: * Muscles contract so you won’t be able to let go. * Muscles controlling the diaphragm cause it to clamp (can’t breathe) * Heart muscle goes into fibrillation (stops effective beating till heart stops altogether) * Death * Human bodies can withstand ten times as much DC current as AC, AC operates on frequency (50-60 Hz) which is the same frequency our heart operates making AC significantly more lethal than DC. 50-100 mA are the lethal limits for electric shock. 8. 3. 6. describe the functions of circuit breakers, fuses, earthing, double insulation and other safety devices in the home Circuit breakers: they use an electromagnet to mechanically break the circuit. Once the current exceeds the maximum value. Fuses: they prevent overloading of circuits. They are made of a metal with a low melting point. They melt when the current through the circuit exceeds the wiring. They are usually contained in high melting point materials to avoid fires. Earthing: they protect from shock. If an appliance has any metal exposes than it will have the outer cover earthed to protect shock.It works on the bases that there is less resistance through the wire rather than through a person. Double insulation: house hold wiring must be covered by an insulator. Usually made of plastic ((polyvinylchloride, (PVC)) many have double insulating in case the inner insulation melts when the metal gets to hot. 8. 4. 1. 1 identify that a typical journey involves speed changes In a typical car journey, a car may travel at different speeds, accelerate and decelerate, changes direction and stops therefore although there is an average speed for the entire journey, the vehicle does not travel at a constant speed. . 4. 1. 2 distinguish between scalar and vector quantities in equations Scalar quantities are those that specify size (magnitude), but not direction. Vector quantities are defined by both size (magnitude) and direction . Vectors| Scalar| Force| Mass| Velocity| Speed| Displacement| Distance| Acceleration| Work| Momentum| Energy| Magnetic Fields| Power| Electric Fields| Time| 8. 4. 1. 3 compare instantaneous and average speed with instantaneous and average velocity Average Speed = Distance/Total Time Instantaneous Speed is the speed of an object at a particular instant of time.Velocity (v) is the time rate of change of the displacement. It is a vector; it requires both size and direction. It is speed with a direction. Displacement (s) is distance in a given direction. Instantaneous velocity is the velocity at a particular instant, the speed and the direction. Average Velocity is displacement/time. 8. 4. 1. 4 define average velocity as: vav= ? r? t r = s = displacement. Average velocity= change in displacement/ change in time. 8. 4. 2. 1 describe the motion of one body relative to another Motion occurs when an object changes its position relative to other or some co-ordinate system (a frame of refere nce).If a change in direction occurs thorough vector qualities, must be dealt with as vectors. 8. 4. 2. 2 identify the usefulness of using vector diagrams to assist solving problems Vectors qualities have magnitude and direction. Adding Vectors Draw the first vector. Draw the second vector starting from the end of the first. The resultant vector is the line joining the beginning of the first vector to the end of the second. 6km 8km 10km a 6km 8km 10km a Subtracting Vectors V1 – V2 = Change in VChange V = V (f) – V (i) V1 -V2 V1 – V2 V1 -V2 V1 – V2 Change = Final – Initial Change V 8-(-10) = 18 -10m/s 8m/s -10m/s m/s 8. 4. 2. 3 explain the need for a net external force to act in order to change the velocity of an object Forces can internal or external to a system but only the external forces can affect the motion of the system. Net force = sum of all forces. Change in velocity the object must accelerate. An object will remain in constant motion (res t or 0 velocity) unless an unbalanced force acts on the object. To accelerate there must be an outside force acting (Newton’s 1st law). Newton’s first law states that: A body continues in its state of rest or uniform velocity unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. . 4. 2. 4 describe the actions that must be taken for a vehicle to change direction, speed up and slow down Acceleration is defined as the time rate of change of velocity. Acceleration refers to: Speeding Up: this can be done by using the accelerator Slowing Down: this can be done by using the cars brakes Changing Direction: Using the steering wheel 8. 4. 2. 5 describe the typical effects of external forces on bodies including: Friction between surfaces Air resistance There are a number of external forces working on a car and these include: Friction with the Road Air Resistance The weight of the carFriction is a force that we encounter everyday in everything we do. Friction is a force that always opposes m otion. Friction arises when two different materials are in contact with each other. The tires make contact with the road surface and as a result there is friction. This means that the vehicle has traction and does not simply slide. Air Resistance is a form of Friction. As a vehicle moves through the air the two materials, the vehicles body and the air, move past each other. Air resistance limits the speed of the vehicle but it can be minimized by designing a vehicle so that it is aerodynamically shaped. . 4. 2. 6 define average acceleration as: vav= ? r? t therefore vav=v-ut Acceleration is a change in velocity over a certain time period. It can be positive or negative. v= final velocity, u= initial velocity, t= time taken 8. 4. 2. 7 define the terms ‘mass’ and ‘weight’ with reference to the effects of gravity Mass: Is the measure of the amount of matter in an object Measure of inertia (resistance to acceleration) Independent or the effects of gravity Measu red in grams. Weight Is the force of gravity on an object. On earth weight is the mass x 9. 8 Dependent on the amount of massMeasure of the gravity and force on an object Measured in Newton’s. 8. 4. 2. 8 outline the forces involved in causing a change in the velocity of a vehicle when: Coasting with no pressure on the accelerator Friction with the Road Air Resistance Force Pushing car along Pressing on the accelerator The driver is supplying more fuel to the engine. This allows the engine to apply a greater force on the wheels and hence make the car speed up. Velocity and acceleration acting in the same direction. Pressing on the brakes Increasing the friction between the brake pads and the metal discs making it harder for the wheels to turn.Velocity and Acceleration acting in different directions. Passing over an icy patch on the road There is less friction and the wheels can’t get as much grip so they may slide. The car will move at a constant velocity until acted up on by an external force. Climbing and descending hills Friction Air Resistance The cars weight causes it to slow down when going up the hill and speed up when going down the hill Following a curve in the road Centripetal force is causing the car to accelerate as the velocity is changing owing to the change in direction. 8. 4. 2. interpret Newton’s Second Law of Motion and relate it to the equation: F=ma F= Force in Newtons m= mass a= acceleration 8. 4. 2. 10 identify the net force in a wide variety of situations involving modes of transport and explain the consequences of the application of that net force in terms of Newton’s Second Law of Motion The acceleration of an object is proportional to the unbalanced force acting on it and is inversely proportional to the mass. The consequences of net external force acting on a model of transport are acceleration, deceleration and a change of direction in motion.Centripetal force (circular motion) The force causing the turning is always towards the centre of the circle. Force (centripetal) = mv^2/ R R=radius, V= instantaneous velocity, M= mass 8. 4. 3. 1 identify that a moving object possesses kinetic energy and that work done on that object can increase that energy Kinetic Energy is the energy an object possesses because it is moving. Kinetic energy is dependent on the mass and the square of the velocity of the body as indicated by: KE=12mv2 E= kinetic energy (joules) M=mass of the object (kg) V=velocity (m/s)Work (W) is done when a force (F) is moved through a distance (s). Work is the product of a force and the distance moved in the direction of that force. W=Fs. Work transfers energy through the motion of a force. When work is done, energy is required. W = Change in Kinetic energy 8. 4. 3. 2 describe the energy transformations that occur in collisions In collisions objects exert forces on each other. Collisions can be either: Elastic Non-Elastic Elastic Collisions If in a collision, kinetic energy is conserved, the collision is said to be elastic.An example would be when Gas molecules collide with each other and with the walls of their container as kinetic energy is not decreased. Inelastic Collisions In inelastic collisions, kinetic energy is not conserved. Some of the Kinetic energy is transformed into other forms of energy such as heat and sound. If the colliding parts stick together, the collision is inelastic 8. 4. 3. 3 define the law of conservation of energy In all types of interactions, both elastic and inelastic, total energy is conserved. Energy cannot be destroyed only can be changed from one form to another. . 4. 4. 1 define momentum as: p=mv Momentum= mass (kg) x velocity (m/s) Unit of momentum= kilogram-meter/sec To stop a moving object, forces must be applied and the forces relate to two factors, the mass of the object and the velocity of the object. The time rate of change of momentum is proportional to the resultant force and acts in the direction of the force. Always conserved Vector quantity 8. 4. 4. 2 define impulse as the product of force and time Impulse = F (force) x t (time) Impulse = change in momentum Impulse = Ft = mv – mu mv = final momentum u = initial momentum The unit of Impulse is N. s which is the same as the Unit of momentum= kilogram-meter/sec (kg. m/sec) 8. 4. 4. 3 explain why momentum is conserved in collisions in terms of Newton’s Third Law of motion Force (action) = Force (reaction) Conservation of Momentum The total momentum of a system is always the same unless the system on by some external force. P (before) = P (after) m1u1+m2u2= m1v1+m2v2 This equation shows that: the vector sum of the momentum of the objects before collision equals the vector sum of the momentum after collision.Momentum is conserved only in isolated systems (those free from external forces). The Law of the Conservation of Momentum can be stated as: In interactions between objects, momentum is conserved in an isolated system. 8. 4. 5. 1 define the inertia of a vehicle as its tendency to remain in uniform motion or at rest Newton’s 1st law: Inertia: â€Å"Tendency of any object to resist any change in motion. † E. g. when a car stops suddenly, the objects and people in the car remain in the current motion unless acted upon by an external force such as a seatbelt. 8. 4. 5. discuss reasons why Newton’s First Law of Motion is not apparent in many real world situations Common experience is not apparent in Real World Situations as the driver of a car still needs to depress the accelerator to move at a constant rate because of friction between the car and the road. 8. 4. 5. 3 assess the reasons for the introduction of low speed zones in built-up areas and the addition of air bags and crumple zones to vehicles with respect to the concepts of impulse and momentum Introduced low speed zones into built areas to reduce the speed of drivers as the faster you are moving the more damage you do in a coll ision.Crumple Zones were introduced so that the front and rear end of the car should crumple in a collision which increases the time it takes for the car to come to rest so the forces are lessened. Air Bags were introduced which provide a cushion and takes the impact out of a collision. 8. 4. 5. 4 evaluate the effectiveness of some safety features of motor vehicles Seat Belts They are effective in limiting the effect of inertia when a vehicle breaks suddenly. It absorbs a lot of the force of a collision. Airbags Air Bags were introduced which provide a cushion and takes the impact out of a collision.Crumple Zones Crumple Zones were introduced so that the front and rear end of the car should crumple in a collision which increases the time it takes for the car to come to rest so the forces are lessened. 8. 5. 1. 1 outline the historical development of models of the Universe from the time of Aristotle to the time of Newton Plato| planets move in spherical orbits around the earth (geoce ntric) | Eudoxus| maintained Plato’s concepts of spherical motions, complex arrangements of circular motions| Aristotle| developed Eudoxus model to 53 spheres. |Aristarchus| The sun is in the centre (heliocentric) with everything orbiting around it and epicycle moments to explain planetary movements; Earth must rotate on its axis, so it appears that everything moves around us. | Ptolemy| believed in geocentric universe, stars existed on a sphere which rotated every 24 hours, earth is a sphere and at rest, motion of sun and plants moved in perfect circles. | Copernicus| heliocentric universe, sun was the centre and planets orbited the sun in fixed circular motions, earth traveled around the sun in 1 year and spins on its axis every 24 hours. Galileo| first to use a telescope, supported the heliocentric idea of Copernicus, worked on gravitational theory disproved Aristotle concepts of the motion. | Sir Isaac Newton| from work on motion realized that a forcer must be acting on a n object such as the moon, law of universal gravitation, this explain where things stayed in orbit, since the time of Newton the heliocentric model was accepted. | 8. 5. 2. 1 outline the discovery of the expansion of the Universe by Hubble, following its earlier prediction by Friedmann Alexander Friedman predicted that the universe was expanding.The predictions rose from calculations based on Einstein’s, general theory of relativity. Edwin Hubble designed a new and a bigger telescope that leads to the discovery of the red shift proving that the universe is expanding. A red shift corresponds to a shift to the lower frequency (longer wavelength). This indicates that the light source, the galaxy is moving away from us. All galaxies show this effect indicating that the universe is expanding. 8. 5. 2. 2 describe the transformation of radiation into matter which followed the ‘Big Bang’ After the temperature had dropped enough.The energy began to be converted in to matt er. Hydrogen atoms formed from protons and electrons. 8. 5. 2. 3 identify that Einstein described the equivalence of energy and mass E=mc2 E= energy (Joules) m= mass (kg) c= speed of light (3 x 108 ms-1) 8. 5. 2. 4 outline how the accretion of galaxies and stars occurred through: Expansion and cooling of the Universe The cooling of the universe allowed the formation of matter. This began to overwhelm the radiation Subsequent loss of particle kinetic energyAs the temperature fell this resulted in a loss of kinetic energy (as temperature is the measure of average kinetic energy of the particles) Gravitational attraction between particles Loss in Kinetic energy meant that the increased gravitational force between particles took effect Lumpiness of the gas cloud that then allows gravitational collapse The greater density of areas of the gas clouds allowed gravity to begin 8. 5. 3. 1 define the relationship between the temperature of a body and the dominant wavelength of the radiation em itted from that body The hotter the star the shorter the wave length.Hot star: short wave length, more energy. Cold star: long wave length, less energy 8. 5. 3. 2 identify that the surface temperature of a star is related to its colour Red | Long wavelength| Orange| | Yellow | | White blue- white| Short wavelength| The hotter the star gets the more it will shift towards the blue end of the spectrum and thus the shorter the wavelength. 8. 5. 3. 3 describe a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram as the graph of a star’s luminosity against its colour or surface temperature In the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram a stars surface temperature and luminosity (brightness) are plotted against each other.This is because there is a relationship between the two. 8. 5. 3. 4 identify energy sources characteristic of each star group, including Main Sequence, red giants, and white dwarfs Star group| Fuel| Characteristics| Main sequence| H then He| They are from the top left of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagr am to the bottom right. This shows a trend of hot and bright to cold and dull| Red giants| H then He| In the upper right corner of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram and are bright but cold| White dwarfs| C and O ions| Bottom left of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. They are very hot but dim and small. 8. 5. 4. 1 identify that energy may be released from the nuclei of atoms Light atoms like H will fuse together at extreme temperatures to for stable atoms. This produces energy. Uranium on the other hand has very unstable nuclei and will break down by emitting energy or partials randomly. That may be in the form of ? , ? or gamma rays. 8. 5. 4. 2 describe the nature of emissions from the nuclei of atoms as radiation of alpha ? and beta ? particles and gamma ? rays in terms of: ionising power penetrating power effect of magnetic field effect of electric fieldRadiation| Ionizing power| Penetrating Power| Effect of Magnetic Field| Effect of Electric Field| Alpha Particle| Very high Strong| Low a few cm in the air| Affected according to right hand palm rule| Limited – very small| Beta Particle| Less than AlphaWeak| Higher than Alpha thin sheets of lead| Large| Large| Gamma Ray| Less than BetaVery Weak| Very High Several cm of lead| Zero| Zero| 8. 5. 4. 3 identify the nature of emissions reaching the Earth from the Sun Solar wind consists of a stream of ionised particles, mostly protons and electrons that flow from the sun in all directions at speeds of about 400 km. -1. The source of the wind is the sun’s hot corona – the outer atmosphere of the sun extending a distance of a few solar radii into space. Most of the corona consists of vast arches of hot gas – solar flares – that are millions of kilometres in length and are caused by the sun’s magnetic field. The Solar wind comes from regions called coronal holes, regions of cooler, less dense gas. As the sun rotates there is a periodic variation in Solar wind activity every 27 da ys. The Solar wind is responsible for pushing the tail of comets away from the sun. 8. 5. 4. 4 describe the particulate nature of solar windSunspot cycle is a pattern of increasing and decreasing sunspots. Sun spots are a dark spot on the sun with lower temperatures and intense magnetic activity. Cycle is between 7-13 years. Two types of emission reaching Earth from the sun: electromagnetic radiation and solar winds. Earth’s atmosphere and magnetic field shelters as from theses emissions. The sunspots themselves last for several days although larger ones may last up to a few weeks. The number of particles and their velocity increases following sunspot activity and solar flares meaning that the solar wind is greater in the time of maximum sunspots. . 5. 4. 5 describe sunspots as representing regions of strong magnetic activity and lower temperature Sunspots are relatively cool areas (~4500K), with magnetic field strengths some thousands of times stronger than the Earth’ s magnetic field, that appear as dark imperfections in the photosphere. They result from the penetration of magnetic field lines through the photosphere and are ~8000km across. Except for the smaller ones, all sunspots have a dark inner region – the umbra – where the magnetic field is strongest surrounded by a less dark region – the penumbra – where the magnetic field is weakest.

Course outline of managing organisation course

Law Theatre (604) Wednesday 16:ooh- 18:00 Thursday g:ooh- al:ooh Friday 14:00 – 16:00 You are also required to attend ONE (1) one hour tutorial per week. There are a number of tutorial options for students. Please see the NUNS enrolment system for details of tutorial times. Tutorials start in Week 2 (to Week 13). A full list of tutorials, times and tutors will be on the Course Website. 2. 2 Units of Credit The course is worth 6 units of credit. There is no parallel teaching in this course. 2. 3 Summary of Course Managing Organizations and People is a foundational core course offered in the main bachelor degree programs.This course introduces students to the knowledge and skills required to successfully manage organizations and people in a global economy, based on contemporary research and practice. The course is designed to provide strong foundations for the development of future organizational leaders and managers who will be able to successfully respond to complex and turbul ent environments, promote and sustain competitive advantage, ensure ethical and social responsibility in business practice and decision making, and manage changing social, increasingly global and diverse workplace.Topics include: the role of organizations in odder societies, sustainability and corporate social responsibility, the importance of organizational leadership, power and networks, sources of conflict, problem solving, group motivation and behavior, as well as professional skills. 2. 4 Course Aims and Relationship to Other Courses The aim of MOTION is to provide you with an introduction to principles, practices, issues and debates that are relevant to the management of organizations.You will study concepts and theories that help explain the attitudes and behaviors of employees and managers. As a core course in the Bachelor of Commerce degree, the activities, materials and assessments have been designed to provide students with the opportunity to develop skills relevant to th eir studies and employment. 2. 5 Student Learning Outcomes 2. 1 Student Learning Outcomes By the end of this course, you should be able to: Content outcomes: 1 . Explain the central role of organizations in society 2. Evaluate the value and importance of the human side of organizations 3. Scribe the interconnections between individual(s), team(s) and organization(s) 4. Understand the language of organizations and management Skills outcomes: 5. Acquire foundational academic research skills 6. Monster familiarity with the process of critical analysis 7. Enhance your effectiveness in working in groups and teams 8. Learn independently and assume responsibility for the learning process ASP Undergraduate Program Learning Goals and Outcomes 1 . Knowledge: Our graduates will have in-depth disciplinary knowledge applicable in local and global contexts.You should be able to select and apply disciplinary knowledge to business situations in a local and global environment. 2. Critical thinking a nd problem solving: Our graduates will be critical thinkers and effective problem solvers. You should be able to identify and research issues in equines situations, analyses the issues, and propose appropriate and well-justified solutions. 3. Communication: Our graduates will be effective professional communicators. You should be able to: and presentation for the intended audience, purpose and context, and b.Prepare and deliver oral presentations that are clear, focused, well-structured, and delivered in a professional manner. 4. Teamwork: Our graduates will be effective team participants. You should be able to participate collaboratively and responsibly in teams, and reflect on your own teamwork, and on the team's processes and ability to achieve outcomes. . Ethical, social and environmental responsibility: Our graduates will have a sound awareness of the ethical, social, cultural and environmental implications of business practice.You should be able to: a. Identify and assess ethi cal, environmental and/or sustainability considerations in business decision-making and practice, and b. Identify social and cultural implications of business situations. The following table shows how your Course Learning Outcomes relate to the overall Program Learning Goals and Outcomes, and indicates where these are assessed (they may also be developed in tutorials and other activities): Program Learning Goals and Outcomes, and indicates where these are assessed.Program Learning Goals and Outcomes Course Learning Outcomes Course Assessment Item This course helps you to achieve the following learning goals for all ASP undergraduate students: On successful completion of the course, you should be able to: This learning outcome will be assessed in the following items: 1 Knowledge Tutorial activities Assignment 1 Assignment 2 Critical thinking and problem solving 5. Demonstrate familiarity with the process of critical analysis Tutorial activities Exam Written communication 6. Enhance y our effectiveness in working in groups and teams 7. Earn independently and assume responsibility for the learning process team activity Spot quiz b Oral communication 8. Learn independently and assume responsibility for the learning process Tutorial participation mark 4 Teamwork 7. Enhance your effectiveness in working in groups and teams Tutorial participation mark Ethical, environmental and sustainability responsibility 2. Evaluate the value and importance of the human side of organizations Spot quiz b. Social and cultural awareness 3. Describe the interconnections between individual(s), team(s) and organization(s) 4. 1 Approach to Learning and Teaching in the Course MOTION has been designed to provide you with a complete learning experience that incorporates interactive teaching and learning and provides a strong foundation for successful studies in your Bachelor's degree. We encourage student contributions, through discussion and questioning that draw upon your reading and life experiences. 3. 2 Learning Activities and Teaching Strategies Role of Lectures – The lectures provide a forum to introduce students to the main issues, theories and conceptual frameworks for each topic.Lecture notes for each seeks topic will be available on the course website on the preceding Sunday. For example, the Week 4 lecture handout will be available to you on the Sunday before the lecture week. There will be specific information provided in the lectures to assist you in the spot quizzes Role of the Tutorial – The tutorials use a variety of experiential learning activities which encourage active engagement in the tutorials. The weekly tutorials provide you with an interactive environment to enhance your formal and informal learning in the course.The more conscientiously you participate, the more you will enjoy and learn from the tutorials. The tutorials also provide you with opportunities to improve important interpersonal skills by working with other students i n groups and teams, building relationships and networks, and being exposed to the opinions and values of others. Role of Everest Simulation – The Everest Simulation provides students with a hands-on experience of concepts taught in this course.Abele S, & Starters G, 2008, Coordination Success and Interpersonal Perceptions: Matching Versus Mismatching, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Issue: Volume 95(3), September, p 576-592 Brother D A, 2012, Self-Monitoring Tools and Student Academic Success: When Perception Matches Reality, Journal of College Science Teaching. 5 Mammon: 26-32. AND 2. You must find at least TWO (2) and a maximum of FOUR (4) academic articles in the allowing library databases: ABA Inform; Business Source; Web of Science that are relevant to support your analysis. Note: websites and books are not valid sources for this assignment.Marking criteria: Development of a consistent, clear and well-supported answer to the question Overall quality of anal ysis, depth of reflection/ thinking in terms of the key themes and issues raised in the question Quality of academic research (sourced from appropriate Journals/ databases, appropriate number of sources, relevance of sources to your argument) Appropriate structure (logical sequence; transitions teens parts; well-developed paragraphs) Clarity of expression & grammar Correct format of in-text citations and bibliography using Harvard style .DUDE Harvard Guide) Appropriate document formatting as per requirements on section 4. 6 of the Course Outline and length (1,000 words +1- 10%) 4. 3. 2 Assignment 2 Requirements: Report – 30% of final mark Due date: At WEEK 11 in the tutorial. You must also upload an identical copy via â€Å"Turn-it-in† on or before your due date or your assignment will not be marked. Submission procedure: See section 4. 4 â€Å"Assignment Submission Procedure† in this ours outline Weighting: 30% of your total course mark Length: 2,500 words +1- 10% The word count must be disclosed on the coversheet of your report.Report Focus: Critically analyses your individual and team's experiences in a virtual world and as a physical team by using the results in the Everest simulation using the following three course concepts 1) Communication (including distribution effect) ; 2) groups and teams; and 3) leadership The report must address the following areas: Included in word limit Assignment cover sheet: No Title page: Executive summary: Table of contents: Introduction: Yes (approve 250 words) Body: Critically analyses your individual and team's experiences and results in the two Everest simulations using the following three course concepts: 1 .Communication including distribution effect 2. Groups and teams including virtual teams 3. Leadership Yes (approve 2100 words) Conclusion (Briefly summarizing what you have learnt from the experience) Yes (approve 1 50 words) List of references / bibliography Compulsory appendices: All students who were â€Å"participants† (not â€Å"observers†) in Everest must attach a copy of the â€Å"Goals on Track† page from the simulation All students (participants & observers) must attach a copy of team contract NoReference requirements: You must use a minimum of six (6) academic references to support your analysis Marking criteria: and issues raised in the Everest experience Quality of academic research (appropriate number of academic sources, relevance of sources to your argument) Appropriate structure (logical sequence; transitions between parts; well-developed paragraphs) Clarity of expression & grammar Correct in-text citations and bibliography format using Harvard style . DUDE Harvard Guide) Correct document formatting as per requirements in section 4. 6 of the Course Outline, length (2,500 words +1- 10%), and inclusion of compulsory appendices.More information about the Everest Simulation can be found in the Student Workbook, and guidance will be provided to students during the semester via the course website. 4. 3. 3 Individual Participation – 20% of final mark Tutorial Attendance and Participation: (5%) Preparation for, and active participation in, your lectures and seminars is a vital component of the learning in this subject and as such students who prepare and participate in the classroom will be rewarded. Participation may involve small group discussion, short informal presentations to the class, answering questions, participation in class discussion.Participation marks are based on the degree to which students make an informed contribution to class and small group discussion. Simply attending tutorials without getting involved in class discussion is of little value to you or your classmates and will result in a minimal participation mark. To be eligible for the Tutorial Attendance and Participation mark students must attend a minimum of nine(9) tutorials. Students must ensure their attendance is taken. If students have a valid reason to be absent, documentary evidence (e. G. Medicate certificate) must be presented to the tutor in the next tutorial. Grading: